IPv6, or Internet Protocol version 6, was designed to replace IPv4 technology. As the latest version of IP, do you know the different types of IPv6 that exist?
The types of IPv6 used to send data on computer networks have their own functions, ranging from sending data packets from one source to a unique destination to the types of addresses used to connect devices to the Internet.
In this article, we will discuss the types of IPv6 that can be found in its implementation and their functions.
Also Read
Table of Contents
Why is the Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 Necessary?
Before learning about the types of IPv6 and their functions, you should first understand why the transition from IPv4 is necessary. Due to the growth of devices connected to the internet, IPv4 is no longer able to accommodate them. This is, of course, due to the limitations of IPv4 addresses, which are almost exhausted.
The introduction of IPv6 is intended to provide a much larger address space. In addition, the latest version comes with improved security, network efficiency, and better support for future technologies. IPv6 also has a more efficient routing system and supports better multi-tasking.
The Types of IPv6
In general, types of IPv6 are divided into several types based on their address. Each type has different characteristics. Here is a more detailed explanation.
1. IPv6 Unicast
IPv6 Unicast is used to send data packets from one source to a unique destination. This is the most common type of communication in IPv6. An IPv6 unicast address consists of an IP address that is addressed to the destination device.
IPv6 Unicast is the type used for one-to-one communication from one sender to one receiver. This is the most common type of communication in IPv6.
Each data packet sent to a unicast address will be directed specifically to the single interface identified by that address. An IPv6 unicast address consists of an IP address that is directed to the destination device.
2. IPv6 Multicast
IPv6 Multicast is a type used to communicate from one source to a group of recipients. Multicast data packets are sent to a specific multicast address and can be received by all devices included in the multicast group.
This type of IPv6 allows the server to send only one copy of the data stream to be replicated by the network to all members of the intended multicast group.
3. Anycast IPv6
Anycast IPv6 is a type used to send data packets from one source to one of several destinations that share the same IP address. When a data packet is sent, the network will direct the packet to the nearest destination.
Anycast addresses can be assigned to multiple interfaces on various nodes. The destination will be determined by the routing protocol based on the shortest distance or lowest cost, thereby improving efficiency and reliability.
4. IPv6 loopback
IPv6 loopback is a type used to send data packets to the device itself. By using the special IP address ::1, the system will redirect back to the software loopback interface on the same computer.
The IPv6 loopback address is generally used for testing purposes or for communication between processes running on the same device without sending it out. This makes the process simpler and eliminates the potential for conflict.
5. Link-Local IPv6
Link-Local IPv6 is a type that is used automatically only for communication within the same local network. Link-local addresses are automatically generated by devices when connected to an IPv6 network.
With a unique address within the local network, it cannot be used outside that network. Devices will communicate with each other for purposes such as neighbor discovery or automatic address configuration.
6. Site-Local IPv6
Unique Local Address (ULA) IPv6 is a type that replaces site-local IPv6. This type is used for local networks and cannot be routed on the global internet. In IPv4, this type is equivalent to a private IP address.
The purpose of ULA IPv6 is for communication within private networks, but not for public access via the internet. This is, of course, for better security and flexibility for each organization.
7. Global Unicast IPv6 Address
Global Unicast (GUA) IPv6 is a type used for communication between devices on a global network. This is what connects devices to the Internet.
GUA IPv6 addresses can be used for communication between devices on a wider IPv6 network to support wireless network implementation, such as servers and IoT devices. This type can recognize devices globally, similar to sending data from one sender to one receiver.
The Functions of IPv6
IPv6 has the primary function of providing unique identification for each device on the internet network to enable data transfer between devices. Here are some of its functions:
- Provides more space: Allows each device to connect to the internet with its own unique IP address.
- Providing automatic configuration: Allows devices to obtain their own IPv6 addresses automatically.
- Integrated security: Protects data in transit by providing encryption and authentication.
- Improving service quality: Allows sensitive data packets to be prioritized for routing.
- Improving multicast communication: One-to-many communication becomes more efficient and resource-efficient.
Overall, the IPv6 function is designed to overcome the limitations of IPv4 and improve the performance, security, and scalability of computer networks. These are the types of IPv6 that can be found in their implementation and functions. We hope this information is useful for you to learn more about IPv6.
