In recent years, drone technology has developed quite rapidly and has influenced many sectors, from stunning aerial photography to industrial inspection needs.
Drones are divided into several types according to their needs and functions. By working similarly to helicopters and airplanes, drones can maximize their capabilities in aerial monitoring needs.
This article will explore the world of drones, from the definition, the mechanism of how they work, the various types available based on design and function, to the specific regulations governing their use in Indonesia.
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Table of Contents
What is a Drone?
Drones also called Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are unmanned aircraft that can be controlled by pilots via remote control from a distance. Just like the helicopter system, drones are equipped with propellers to fly.
Drones are equipped with cameras that can be used for various purposes. One of the virtues of drones is recording and monitoring from a height. However, currently, drones are widely used for various purposes such as photography, industry, agriculture, surveillance, and expeditions.
How does a Drone Work?
Drones have the same working principle as helicopters or airplanes. The integrated control system allows the pilot to control the device remotely.
Sensors, processors, and motors are the flight control system of the device. The system allows the device to detect position, speed, process motion, and adjust propeller speed.
Drones also rely on Radio Frequency (RF) as a communication tool for remote control by the pilot or through a prepared program.
The Type of Drone
Drones can be broadly categorized into two types, namely based on design and function. Knowing the types of drones will make it easier for you to choose one according to your usage needs and goals.
Types of drones by design
Fixed-Wing Drone
This type of drone is just like an airplane, it has fixed wings on the right and left to fly. Fing-wing drones are usually used for military purposes as surveillance, or used for mapping. This device is suitable for those who need strong and long-lasting cutting ability.
Rotary-Wing Drone
This type of drone is just like a helicopter that uses propellers to fly. Rotary-wing drones have the advantage of being easy to move and stable when operated. Examples of this type of drone are quadcopter, hexacopter, and octocopter.
Hybrid VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing)
This type of drone is a combination of fixed-wing and rotary-wing. Hybrid VTOL drones can land without the need for a runway like a helicopter and can go fast like an airplane. For those who need speed and stability over long distances, this device is the perfect choice.
Types of drones by function
- Commercial: This type of drone is used for photography, videography, mapping, agriculture, and delivery services.
- Military: These drones are used for reconnaissance, surveillance, and combat operations.
- Industrial and research: These drones are used for infrastructure inspection, environmental monitoring, and geological exploration.
- Hobbies and recreation: These drones are used by individuals for personal purposes such as taking aerial pictures or drone racing.
Drone Regulation in Indonesia
The drone uses wireless communication technologies that operate within a specific frequency spectrum. In Indonesia, based wireless device is required to have DJID (Directorate General of Digital Infrastructure) under the Ministry of Communication and Digital (KOMDIGI).
Drone regulation is based on KEPMEN No. 544 Tahun 2021 for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, which requires all radio frequency-based devices, including drone, to meet specific technical standards before being sold in the country.
The DJID certification ensures that the product meets government safety and quality regulations and does not interfere with other communication devices. The certification process involves technical testing, such as frequency adjustments, safety checks, and compatibility with the surrounding environment.
Once the tests are completed, products that pass are listed in a Test Result Report, which confirms that the product is safe and ready for sale in Indonesia. This report reassures customers that the product meets technical standards and is secure.
For companies wanting to sell a drone in Indonesia, Type Approval Certification Services for ICT Products are available to assist with this process. This service includes preparing technical and legal documents, conducting required testing, ensuring compliance with regulations, helping companies streamline the certification process, and giving consumers confidence in certified products.
